Empires & Civilizations

Fall of the Roman Empire

Discover the remarkable history of the Fall of the Roman Empire… At its height, the Roman Empire was the largest and most powerful empire ever seen in the Western world. It covered 2 million square miles (5 million square kilometers) of territory, where a population of over 80 million was protected by a disciplined, well-trained […]

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The Neanderthals

Discover the remarkable history of the Neanderthals… In August 1856, mine workers were excavating the Feldhofer Grotto in the western part of Germany. The cave was one of many in a narrow gorge cut by the Düssel River through limestone outcrops. Here, workers discovered what they believed were human bones. An amateur naturalist from the

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Iroquois Confederacy

Discover the remarkable history of the Iroquois Confederacy… The American Revolution not only changed the continent of North America, but the ideas it represented would go on to change the world. The notion of a state where individual liberty was guaranteed to all citizens and where hereditary positions of power did not exist would directly

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The Lakota

Discover the remarkable history of The Lakota… The most common depictions of Native Americans feature mounted warriors and iconic events such as the Battle of the Little Bighorn and the Wounded Knee Massacre. The best-known Native American leaders include Chief Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse, and most people’s impression of such a leader includes the

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The Apache

Discover the remarkable history of the Apache… The Apache became one of the best-known of all Native American peoples mainly because they were astonishingly capable guerilla fighters. They fought other Native American tribes, Spanish invaders, the authorities of the new state of Mexico and, from the mid-nineteenth century, increasing numbers of American settlers and soldiers.

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The Navajo

Discover the remarkable history of the Navajo… The Navajo, or Diné (“the people”), are the single largest group of Native American people in North America. Their traditional homeland, the Diné Bikéyah, stretched across the vast landscapes of present-day Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona, defined by four sacred mountains that symbolized their spiritual and physical world.

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The Comanche

Discover the remarkable history of the Comanche… The Comanche were once the most dominant Native American tribe in the Great Plains of North America. From their homelands on the prairies, they ranged across the American West and South into Mexico. They were also one of the most feared of all Native American people, fighting virtually

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History of Ireland

Discover the remarkable history of the History of Ireland… Much of the history of Ireland is defined by the basic facts of its location as an island perched on the very western edge of Europe. Events that had a profound impact on other parts of Europe—the rise of the Roman Empire, the diaspora of Celtic

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The Iron Age

Discover the remarkable history of the Iron Age… The Stone Age saw the first human success in making tools and weapons. During the Bronze Age, these items were improved and refined by blending copper and tin to create an alloy called bronze. However, since copper and tin are rarely found together, the making of bronze

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The Bronze Age

Discover the remarkable history of the Bronze Age… In the nineteenth century, historians began to classify the periods of human prehistory into three ages: Stone, Bronze, and Iron. Of these three, the period known as the Bronze Age (lasting approximately from 3300 to 1200 BCE) was the most significant, not just because people began to

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